WHAT IS COMPUTER ? WORLD 'S FIRST COMPUTER ?

HISTORY OF COMPUTER  :-

COMPUTER  is an electronic device which was first invented by  CHARLES BABBAGE  in 1822 but was not built until 1991 . For this reason is called as as the 'father of computer' .The mechanical computer made by  CHARLES BABBAGE  was not resembled as the computer used today that's why his computer is not called as the first computer. He is also called 'programmer' since he gave the concept of the computer to the world. 

ENIAC ( Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer ) is called as the first computer which was invented in 1945  by  J.PRESPER ECKERT AND JOHN MAUCHLY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ,it was large and almost filled the room . They started making it in 1943 . 

COMPUTER  is called calculating device in common language since it can perform any type of simple or complex logical as well as arithmetic problems at great pace with utmost accuracy and efficiency . The first calculating device is abacus . 

THE WORD  "computer"   :- 

The world "computer" was first used in 1613 in the book THE YONG MANS GLEANINGS which was written by RICHARD BRAITHWAITE . It described about the human who performed calculations and computations . 

The computer word is derived from the Latin word "computare" and Greek word "compute" which means "to calculate" , "to sum up", "to compute", "to count" . So that is the reason why it is called as computing device mainly . 

 "COMPUTER"  :-  

(meaning and definition)

THERE ARE MANY EXPLAINATIONS AND DEFINITIONS OF COMPUTER , SOME OF THEM ARE GIVEN BELOW:-

The computer is a digital electronic device or machine which is used to perform calculations , process and store data at very fast speed . It is a programmable machine that works upon binary or machine language or system i.e., two variables 0 and 1 . it means computer only understand 0,1 codes and perform tasks using 0,1 only . We would learn more about the machine language in the next blog in detail . 

Computer i often referred to as a data processor because it can retrieve data whenever desired . The name data processor is more appropriate because modern computer not only compute in the usual sense but also perform other functions with data that flows to and from then . 

“Computers are incredibly fast, accurate, and stupid. Human beings are incredibly slow, inaccurate, and brilliant. Together they are powerful beyond imagination.”

- Albert Einstein.

FULL FORM OF COMPUTER :-

 Common Operating Machine Purposely Used for Technological and Educational Research. 

COMPUTER ORGANISATION:-

Computer consists of mainly four basic unit namely - input unit , storage unit , CPU , and output unit . CPU further includes ALU and control unit .

1. INPUT UNIT -  This is used for entering data and program into the computer system by the user for processing . Input devices are used to input the information , data or program into the system . The concept is simple the data you want to process need to be given to the computer and this is done through the input unit of the computer .
   
    
2. STORAGE UNIT -  It is used for storing data and instructions before and after processing .The input as well as the processed input or output need to be store somewhere for proper and accurate functioning . Without storing the data processing can not be done .
   
   
3. OUTPUT UNIT - It is used for storing the result as output produced by the computer after processing . The processed data called output or required/desired data is stored in the output unit before being displayed on the screen . 
   
   
4. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT - The task of performing operations like arithmetic and logical is called processing . CPU takes in the data and instructions from the storage unit and make all sort of calculations based on the instructions given and the type data provided . It is then send to the storage unit . CPU includes ALU and Control unit .
   
   
5.  ARITHMETIC LOGICAL UNIT - All calculations and comparisons based on the instructions provided and the demand of the user are carried out within the ALU . It performs arithmetic functions like - addition , subtraction , multiplication , division , modulus etc. and also logical operations like < ,>, etc.
   
   
6.  CONTROL UNIT - Controlling of all the operations like input , output , processing are controlled and sort of managed or we can say operated by the control unit . 

 GENERATIONS :-

Till today , we have total five generations of computer as shown below :

1. FIRST GENERATION COMPUTER :-
   
   
   
2. SECOND GENERATION COMPUTER:-
   
   
   
3. THIRD GENERATION COMPUTER :-
   
   
   
4. FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTER :-
   
5. FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTER :-
   
   
   

TYPES OF COMPUTERS:-

THERE ARE MAINLY TWO TYPES OF COMPUTERS :

1. ANALOG COMPUTERS
2. DIGITAL COMPUTERS

THE DIGITAL COMPUTERS ARE FURTHER DIVIDED INTO FIVE TYPES.

1. ANALOG COMPUTERS :-  An analog computer or analogue computer  is a type of computer that uses the continuous variation aspect of physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities (analog signals) to model the problem being solved.

 Analog computers   were the earliest computer machines developed and were among the most complicated machines for analog computation and process control.

2. DIGITAL COMPUTERS :-  The most commonly used type of computer and is used to process information with quantities using digits, usually using the binary number system. An example of a digital computer is a MacBook.

Based on the types and size of the device, the digital computers are divided into 4 types namely :-

Super computer, Mainframe computer, Mini computers and Micro computer.

i) SUPER COMPUTERS :-   The most powerful computer in the terms of performance and data processing are the super computers . These are the specialized and task specific computer used by large organisations . These are used for research and exploration purpose like NASA uses super computers for space explorations , launching space shuttles , and for controlling them .

USES OF SUPER COMPUTERS:-

• space exploration
• weather forecasting
• earthquake studies
• nuclear weapons testing
• satellite launching etc.

ii) MAINFRAME COMPUTERS :- The mainframe computers are not as powerful as super computers but certainly they are quite expensive and many large firms and government organizations uses mainframe computers to run their business operations . Super computers are the fastest computers with large storage capacity but mainframe computers can also process and store large amount of data with great speed . Banks , educational institutions and insurance company uses mainframe computers to store data about their customers , students and insurance policy holders.

  

iii) MINI COMPUTERS :- These are used by the companies and firms . These are also called mid range computers . These are small machines and can be accomodated on a desk with not as processing and data storage capability as supercomputers and mainframe computers . Popular mini computers are : k202 , IBM mid range , Texas instrument T-I 990 .

iv) MICRO COMPUTERS :- Desktop , laptops , tablets , and smartphones are all types of microcomputers . These are widely and fastest growing computers . These are specially designed for general purposes and usage like entertainment , education and work purposes , Well known manufacturer of micro computers are hp , lenovo , dell , sony etc. 

CHARACTERISTICS AND USES  OF 

COMPUTERS :-

• Speed.-- A computer works with much higher speed and accuracy compared to humans while performing mathematical calculations. 
• Accuracy--  Computers perform calculations with 100% accuracy. 
• Diligence
• Versatility
• Reliability
• Memory
• No IQ and feelings 

USES  OF 

COMPUTERS :-

WE HAVE COVERED OVERALL POSSIBLE DEATAILS ABOUT COMPUTER . THANKYOU FOR VISITING .....

THE BLOG WILL BE ON THE COMPUTER LANGUAGES...